Kathmandu is the most developed city. Kathmandu has been regarded as the most polluted city in Asia. Many wonderful and beautiful places lies in Kathmandu, which is situated in the heart of Himalaya mountains, and has a rich history. Many renowned places have made Kathmandu more beautiful.
Traffic jam has been the usual feature of Kathmandu. The higher authorities in our country view it as a frail issue.Every single citizen of Kathmandu must have experienced the impact of this Traffic Jam. In the morning while leaving for our offices, college, School, we at least try to leave one hour early to compansate the loss of time spent in jams in order to reach our destination on time.
The main problem seen in Kathmandu valley is traffic jam. Mostly the city seems crowed. Mainly because of the narrow roads and unsystematic road there happens traffic jam. It is said traffic police are kept to manage the vehicles in the road. Police should obey the order given by the high rank police. But the civil people don’t know that either the high ranked police does not gives order or the police does not obey the order.
The unsystematic street shops have also played vital role in traffic jam. No systematic rules are found. Vehicles are driven anywhere they like. There are narrow roads. One way roads are found in negligible number. For the improvement of this disgusting thing government and people should be aware.
Tuesday, May 17, 2011
Garbage popllution
Garbage pollution has been a major problem of man since the creation of synthetic materials. Apprehensively, man has been trying to reduce this problem. But paradoxically, anthropogenic activities are the major factors that brought it into place.
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk) is unwanted or useless materials. Litter is waste which has been disposed of improperly.
Anything man throws ends up on the biggest landfill, the middle of the ocean. But before it reaches the ocean it traverses to the large expanse of saline water, the sea. And the sea house different organisms which make it the most diverse place on earth. Messing with it is like messing with the whole world that could turn out in imbalance.
Waste is directly linked to human development, both technologically and socially. The compositions of different wastes have varied over time and location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked to waste materials. Examples of this include plastics and nuclear technology. Some components of waste have economical value and can be recycled once correctly recovered.
Waste is sometimes a subjective concept, because items that some people discard may have value to others. It is widely recognized that waste materials are a valuable resource, whilst there is debate as to how this value is best realized. Such concepts are colloquially expressed in western culture by idioms like "One man's trash is another man's treasure."
Landfill-in most of the world, including North America, we do one of two things with our ordinary garbage: burn it or bury it. Neither one is good for us or for the environment. Burning garbage in incinerators releases dangerous gases and dust (particulate matter) which contribute to global warming and pollute lakes, forests, oceans and cities half a world away from where they originated. Most incinerators in industrialized countries now remove large quantities of particles and pollutants, thus ensuring cleaner air. But the bulk of what they remove ends up in a landfill.
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk) is unwanted or useless materials. Litter is waste which has been disposed of improperly.
Anything man throws ends up on the biggest landfill, the middle of the ocean. But before it reaches the ocean it traverses to the large expanse of saline water, the sea. And the sea house different organisms which make it the most diverse place on earth. Messing with it is like messing with the whole world that could turn out in imbalance.
Waste is directly linked to human development, both technologically and socially. The compositions of different wastes have varied over time and location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked to waste materials. Examples of this include plastics and nuclear technology. Some components of waste have economical value and can be recycled once correctly recovered.
Waste is sometimes a subjective concept, because items that some people discard may have value to others. It is widely recognized that waste materials are a valuable resource, whilst there is debate as to how this value is best realized. Such concepts are colloquially expressed in western culture by idioms like "One man's trash is another man's treasure."
Landfill-in most of the world, including North America, we do one of two things with our ordinary garbage: burn it or bury it. Neither one is good for us or for the environment. Burning garbage in incinerators releases dangerous gases and dust (particulate matter) which contribute to global warming and pollute lakes, forests, oceans and cities half a world away from where they originated. Most incinerators in industrialized countries now remove large quantities of particles and pollutants, thus ensuring cleaner air. But the bulk of what they remove ends up in a landfill.
Monday, May 16, 2011
community Forest
Community forestry has become a popular movement, challenging foresters to change their thinking. The message is simple: people are the key to success rather than the cause of failure.
"Community forestry has the following characteristics: the local community controls a clearly and legally defined area of forest; the local community is free from governmental and other outside pressure concerning the utilisation of that forest; if the forestry involves commercial sale of timber or other products, then the community is free from economic exploitation of markets or other pressure from outside forces; the community has long-term security of tenure over the forest and sees its future as being tied to the forest"
Forest communities are much more than just an assembly of trees. They are an extremely complex, interacting, and coordinated system. In fact you may have heard the word ecosystem. "Eco" refers to the environment, in this case a forest, and "system" refers to the numerous interacting units (e.g. trees, soil, insects, birds, and man). It is difficult to imagine a more complex designed system than a forest ecosystem.
"Successful community forestry requires... genuine popular participation in decision-making... Experience has proven time and again that participation is more than a development cliche; it is an absolute necessity if goals are to be met. But working with people rather than policing them is a new role for many foresters."
"Community forestry, social forestry and rural development forestry are more or less equivalent and reflect Abraham Lincoln's view of democracy - government of the people, by the people, for the people."
"The political dimension of community forestry makes it a venue for people's struggle against domination and exploitation of the community's resources by 'outsiders'. Ecology, equity and social justice are part of this struggle."
"Community forestry has the following characteristics: the local community controls a clearly and legally defined area of forest; the local community is free from governmental and other outside pressure concerning the utilisation of that forest; if the forestry involves commercial sale of timber or other products, then the community is free from economic exploitation of markets or other pressure from outside forces; the community has long-term security of tenure over the forest and sees its future as being tied to the forest"
Forest communities are much more than just an assembly of trees. They are an extremely complex, interacting, and coordinated system. In fact you may have heard the word ecosystem. "Eco" refers to the environment, in this case a forest, and "system" refers to the numerous interacting units (e.g. trees, soil, insects, birds, and man). It is difficult to imagine a more complex designed system than a forest ecosystem.
"Successful community forestry requires... genuine popular participation in decision-making... Experience has proven time and again that participation is more than a development cliche; it is an absolute necessity if goals are to be met. But working with people rather than policing them is a new role for many foresters."
"Community forestry, social forestry and rural development forestry are more or less equivalent and reflect Abraham Lincoln's view of democracy - government of the people, by the people, for the people."
"The political dimension of community forestry makes it a venue for people's struggle against domination and exploitation of the community's resources by 'outsiders'. Ecology, equity and social justice are part of this struggle."
How to success in life
Everyone has a different definition to what is success in life. To some, success in life would mean to have great mansions and luxurious cars to decorate the house porch and credit cards to accompany the shopping trips. Whereas others would think that success in life is when you are able to scram out of your parents’ lounging and stand on your own two feet. If you ask a 16-year-old kid what is success in life then she will say it is when she is accepted into college. Everyone has a different success pictures painted in front of them. But despite all these different views, all of this success in life can be attained y using the very same technique.
Success in life does not come easily. If you think that you are not up to the challenge, then there are possibilities that you are going to struggle with accomplish your goals.
You have to take responsibility for the realization of your goal and start to work hard towards it's achievement. The success secret of all wealthy and successful people is hidden in their work. Do you remember Thomas Edison and his 10000 unsuccessful attempts, that leads to the wonderful discovery; Henri Ford, who invented an automobile, the team of experts worked day-by-day on T8 model more than a year; and other well-known people. Nobody achieved success lying on the bed. Secret of success consists in the hard work. Work and only laborious and hard work led them to their goals. They overcame a great number of obstacles, that later helped them to make new and new wonderful inventions. And nobody was afraid to overwork. Watch the successful people, they work much more time with bigger efforts then mediocre people. They take a rest very rarely and relax much quicker and effectively. Hard work gives them strength. This is the main secret of hard work.
Though they work more, they are get tired much less. Why? Because they see their goal and live in their vision. It gives them power to work further.A man is created for a work, he become tired doing nothing and his heart gets bored of laziness. Look around. Everything is created for some purpose: cars to move fast, planes to carry people for long distance in a very short time. A man comes to Earth for some purpose as well. Look, if you close your car into a garage and forget about it for 2-3 years, this car will be in much worse condition, then an average car used day by day for 10 years. It also regards to the planes and everything else too. And man becomes bored doing nothing. He has to work and achieve his goal. Only following this way a man can find his happiness.
You should figure only on yourself, working on the achievement of your own dream. You shouldn’t rely on good fortune or on other people. Good fortune will be with you, if you act upon achieving of your dream. If you will wait your fortune, you will do it forever. The more you procrastinate, the more difficult will be for you to find your luck. Act yourselves, manage other people cleverly, and fortune will be with you. So I wish you to work hard for the achievement of your dream.
Talking about goals, you probably heard of goal setting back then in the olden days when you were just in junior high. It might seem kind of ridiculous to you to adhere to this junior high method of meeting up with you goals, but did you know that this method is recognized as one of the most effective methods to achieve success in life?
Instead of letting your goals and aims linger around your mind, set them straight and set them right, just by using the primitive tools of paper and paper. Doesn’t seem too tough to puff does it?
Success in life does not come easily. If you think that you are not up to the challenge, then there are possibilities that you are going to struggle with accomplish your goals.
You have to take responsibility for the realization of your goal and start to work hard towards it's achievement. The success secret of all wealthy and successful people is hidden in their work. Do you remember Thomas Edison and his 10000 unsuccessful attempts, that leads to the wonderful discovery; Henri Ford, who invented an automobile, the team of experts worked day-by-day on T8 model more than a year; and other well-known people. Nobody achieved success lying on the bed. Secret of success consists in the hard work. Work and only laborious and hard work led them to their goals. They overcame a great number of obstacles, that later helped them to make new and new wonderful inventions. And nobody was afraid to overwork. Watch the successful people, they work much more time with bigger efforts then mediocre people. They take a rest very rarely and relax much quicker and effectively. Hard work gives them strength. This is the main secret of hard work.
Though they work more, they are get tired much less. Why? Because they see their goal and live in their vision. It gives them power to work further.A man is created for a work, he become tired doing nothing and his heart gets bored of laziness. Look around. Everything is created for some purpose: cars to move fast, planes to carry people for long distance in a very short time. A man comes to Earth for some purpose as well. Look, if you close your car into a garage and forget about it for 2-3 years, this car will be in much worse condition, then an average car used day by day for 10 years. It also regards to the planes and everything else too. And man becomes bored doing nothing. He has to work and achieve his goal. Only following this way a man can find his happiness.
You should figure only on yourself, working on the achievement of your own dream. You shouldn’t rely on good fortune or on other people. Good fortune will be with you, if you act upon achieving of your dream. If you will wait your fortune, you will do it forever. The more you procrastinate, the more difficult will be for you to find your luck. Act yourselves, manage other people cleverly, and fortune will be with you. So I wish you to work hard for the achievement of your dream.
Talking about goals, you probably heard of goal setting back then in the olden days when you were just in junior high. It might seem kind of ridiculous to you to adhere to this junior high method of meeting up with you goals, but did you know that this method is recognized as one of the most effective methods to achieve success in life?
Instead of letting your goals and aims linger around your mind, set them straight and set them right, just by using the primitive tools of paper and paper. Doesn’t seem too tough to puff does it?
Happiness
Happiness can’t be reduced to a few agreeable sensations. Rather, it is a way of being and of experiencing the world—a profound fulfillment that suffuses every moment and endures despite inevitable setbacks.The paths we take in search of happiness often lead us to frustration and suffering instead. We try to create outer conditions that we believe will make us happy. But it is the mind itself that translates outer conditions into happiness or suffering. This is why we can be deeply unhappy even though we “have it all”—wealth, power, health, a good family, etc.—and, conversely, we can remain strong and serene in the face of hardship.
Happiness is a mental state of well-being characterized by positive emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources.
Happiness is a very fuzzy concept and can mean many things to many people. Part of the challenge of the science of happiness is to identify all the different uses of the word "happiness", or else to understand its various components.
Studies have found that things like money, education, or the weather do not affect happiness the way one might expect. There are various habits that have been correlated with happiness. Psychologist Martin Seligman provides the acronym PERMA to summarize many of Positive Psychology's findings; humans seem happiest when they have Pleasure (tasty foods, warm baths, etc.), Engagement (or flow, the absorption of an enjoyed yet challenging activity), Relationships (social ties have turned out to be extremely reliable indicator of happiness), Meaning (a perceived quest or belonging to something bigger), and finally Accomplishments (having realized tangible goals).
"Happiness is not the satisfaction of whatever irrational wishes you might blindly attempt to enjoy. Happiness is a state of non-contradictory joy - a joy without penalty or guilt... Happiness is possible only to a rational man, the man who desires nothing but rational goals, seeks nothing but rational values, and finds his joy in nothing but rational actions... there are no victims and no conflicts of interest among rational men, men who do not desire the unearned..."
Happiness is a mental state of well-being characterized by positive emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources.
Happiness is a very fuzzy concept and can mean many things to many people. Part of the challenge of the science of happiness is to identify all the different uses of the word "happiness", or else to understand its various components.
Studies have found that things like money, education, or the weather do not affect happiness the way one might expect. There are various habits that have been correlated with happiness. Psychologist Martin Seligman provides the acronym PERMA to summarize many of Positive Psychology's findings; humans seem happiest when they have Pleasure (tasty foods, warm baths, etc.), Engagement (or flow, the absorption of an enjoyed yet challenging activity), Relationships (social ties have turned out to be extremely reliable indicator of happiness), Meaning (a perceived quest or belonging to something bigger), and finally Accomplishments (having realized tangible goals).
"Happiness is not the satisfaction of whatever irrational wishes you might blindly attempt to enjoy. Happiness is a state of non-contradictory joy - a joy without penalty or guilt... Happiness is possible only to a rational man, the man who desires nothing but rational goals, seeks nothing but rational values, and finds his joy in nothing but rational actions... there are no victims and no conflicts of interest among rational men, men who do not desire the unearned..."
Sunday, May 8, 2011
Technology transfer
Technology transfer, also called Transfer of Technology (TOT), is the process of skill transferring, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or services. It is closely related to (and may arguably be considered a subset of) knowledge transfer.
Technology brokers are people who discovered how to bridge the disparate worlds and apply scientific concepts or processes to new situations or circumstances.A related term, used almost synonymously, is "technology vaporization". While conceptually the practice has been utilized for many years (in ancient times, Archimedes was notable for applying science to practical problems), the present-day volume of research, combined with high-profile failures at Xerox PARC and elsewhere[citation needed], has led to a focus on the process itself.
Technology transfer is the process of transferring scientific findings from one organization to another for the purpose of further development and commercialization. The process typically includes:
* Identifying new technologies
* Protecting technologies through patents and copyrights
* Forming development and commercialization strategies such as marketing and licensing to existing private sector companies or creating new start-up companies based on the technology
technology Transfer is intended to increase the value of E So's research and development activities to society as a whole, and particularly in the ESO Member States.
It aims to enhance the process by which ideas and technologies developed by ESO, either in-house or through industrial contracts, can be applied to applications, fields or projects outside those originally anticipated.
Apart from the economic benefits, there can also be social and cultural benefits as well.
Technology brokers are people who discovered how to bridge the disparate worlds and apply scientific concepts or processes to new situations or circumstances.A related term, used almost synonymously, is "technology vaporization". While conceptually the practice has been utilized for many years (in ancient times, Archimedes was notable for applying science to practical problems), the present-day volume of research, combined with high-profile failures at Xerox PARC and elsewhere[citation needed], has led to a focus on the process itself.
Technology transfer is the process of transferring scientific findings from one organization to another for the purpose of further development and commercialization. The process typically includes:
* Identifying new technologies
* Protecting technologies through patents and copyrights
* Forming development and commercialization strategies such as marketing and licensing to existing private sector companies or creating new start-up companies based on the technology
technology Transfer is intended to increase the value of E So's research and development activities to society as a whole, and particularly in the ESO Member States.
It aims to enhance the process by which ideas and technologies developed by ESO, either in-house or through industrial contracts, can be applied to applications, fields or projects outside those originally anticipated.
Apart from the economic benefits, there can also be social and cultural benefits as well.
Travel
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited."Travel is movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration, with or without any means of transport. Travel also includes relatively short stay between successive movements. Movements between locations requiring only a few minutes are not considered as travel.
The term "travel" originates from the Middle English word travail. The term also covers all the activities performed during a travel (movement).
A person who travels is called a traveler in the United States, and traveler in the United Kingdom.
Tourism is vital for many countries, such as France, Egypt, Greece, United States, Spain, Italy and Thailand, and many island nations, such as The Bahamas, Fiji, Maldives, Philippines and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for businesses with their goods and services and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships and taxicabs, hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts, and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues and theaters.
Purpose of travel include recreation or tourism, research travel for the gathering of information, for holiday to visit people, volunteer travel for charity or, migration to begin life somewhere else,religious pilgrimages and mission trips, for business trade or commuting, and other reasons, such as to obtain health care or fleeing war. Travel may occur by human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling, or with vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains and airplanes.
Motives to travel include relaxation, discovery and exploration, interpersonal relationships and getting to know other cultures. Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa. A trip may also be part of a round trip, which is a particular type of travel whereby a person moves from their usual residence to one or several locations and returns.
The term "travel" originates from the Middle English word travail. The term also covers all the activities performed during a travel (movement).
A person who travels is called a traveler in the United States, and traveler in the United Kingdom.
Tourism is vital for many countries, such as France, Egypt, Greece, United States, Spain, Italy and Thailand, and many island nations, such as The Bahamas, Fiji, Maldives, Philippines and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for businesses with their goods and services and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships and taxicabs, hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts, and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues and theaters.
Purpose of travel include recreation or tourism, research travel for the gathering of information, for holiday to visit people, volunteer travel for charity or, migration to begin life somewhere else,religious pilgrimages and mission trips, for business trade or commuting, and other reasons, such as to obtain health care or fleeing war. Travel may occur by human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling, or with vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains and airplanes.
Motives to travel include relaxation, discovery and exploration, interpersonal relationships and getting to know other cultures. Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa. A trip may also be part of a round trip, which is a particular type of travel whereby a person moves from their usual residence to one or several locations and returns.
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