n most of the world, including North America, we do one of two things with our ordinary garbage: burn it or bury it. Neither one is good for us or for the environment. Burning garbage in incinerators releases dangerous gases and dust (particulate matter) which contribute to global warming and pollute lakes, forests, oceans and cities half a world away from where they originated. Most incinerators in industrialized countries now remove large quantities of particles and pollutants, thus ensuring cleaner air. But the bulk of what they remove ends up in a landfill.
This site concentrates on landfills, in part because this improvement in incinerator technology has increased the pressure on landfills, and in part because a much higher proportion of garbage in North America is sent to landfills than to incinerators.
Burying garbage also causes both air and water pollution, and simply transporting it to the sites consumes an increasing amount of valuable fossil fuels, which produces more pollution.
As a result, alternatives to the burn-or-bury option are increasingly attractive. Composting heads that list of alternatives.
The solution to the garbage problem is many-faceted. First, we need to reduce the amount of garbage: how about out-lawing non-returnable bottles? Re-usable glass bottles would provide more jobs and make a lot less garbage. We need to seriously examine the packaging issue and the planned obsolescence of appliances and electronic devices.
Source separation would allow food waste to be composted and perhaps other throw-away items to be re-used first. How about cloth napkins, returnable ceramic cups at the coffee shop and cloth rags? What about that statistic that 80% of products made are to be used once?
We need to examine all of the solutions: and we need to begin with reduction of garbage.
Sunday, May 8, 2011
Environment issues in nepal
Environmental issues in Nepal are numerous environmental problems.
Sedimentation and discharge of industrial effluents are prominent sources of water pollution, and the burning of wood for fuel is a significant source of indoor air pollution and respiratory problems. Vehicular and industrial emissions increasingly have contributed to air pollution in urban areas.
Deforestation and land degradation appear to affect a far greater proportion of the population and have the worst consequences for economic growth and individuals’ livelihoods. Forest loss has contributed to floods, soil erosion, and stagnant agricultural output. Estimates suggest that from 1966 to 2000 forest cover declined from 45 to 29 percent of the total land area. Often cited causes of deforestation include population growth, high fuelwood consumption, infrastructure projects, and conversion of forests into grazing- and cropland. According to government estimates, 1.5 million tons of soil nutrients are lost annually, and by 2002 approximately 5 percent of agricultural holdings had been rendered uncultivable as a result of soil erosion and flooding.
Land degradation is attributed to population growth, improper use of agro-chemicals, and overly intensive use of landholdings that are too small to provide most households with sufficient food. Since the late 1980s, government policies have attempted to address these numerous and related problems, but policies often are hampered by lack of funding, insufficient understanding of Nepal’s mountain ecosystems, bureaucratic inefficiency, and sometimes contentious relations between the central government and local communities.
Nepal has been a pivotal country for WWF ever since the organization first provided support to conserve the Greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in the late 1960s.
Today, the endangered rhino is no longer on the brink of extinction, and is in fact, the second largest population in the world. The Rhino Census of 2008 recorded 435 throughout Nepal. Nepal also has an estimated 121 adult Bengal tigers distributed in the lowland protected areas.
WWF's Priorities: people & communities
The priority of WWF's support for Nepal's conservation effort has changed with the shift in Government of Nepal's policy for biodiversity conservation.
In the early years the focus was on species conservation and research with strict law enforcement practices. There has been gradual change with the adoption of a more conciliatory approach and social mobilization for the participatory involvement of local people for conservation.
Over the years, support has been centered on integrating conservation and community development with an attempt to address the issues of livelihoods of local people living near protected areas. The aim is to win the support and stewardship of locals living in the fringe areas in wildlife conservation. Our focus has evolved to a landscape approach in conservation by building partnerships with donors, stakeholders, interest groups, and local people
Economic changes and population increases are threatening the ecology of the Himalayas. In recent year’s deforestation in the foothills and the Middle Himalayas and overgrazing on the high pastures have led to soil erosion and other environmental problems. Deforestation is a particular concern in the western Himalayas, where increased demand for firewood, extensive tree trimming in order to feed livestock, and construction of roads in the border regions have increased the destruction rate of forests and the number of landslides. Rapid population growth has accelerated pollution, and Himalayan streams that were once clear are now polluted with refuse and sewage. Hill people who use the water for drinking suffer from dysentery; cholera and typhoid epidemics are also common. Large lakes like Tilicho Lake, Dudh Koshi etc. which emerges from Himalayas have also become polluted. Regional variations in environmental degradation exist in the Himalayas. Conditions range from a critical situation in the Himalayas of Nepal to a moderately serious situation in Bhutan and the eastern Himalayas. If rapid development continues in Nepal and the eastern Himalayas without due regard for conservation, the problems there may assume critical proportions in the near future. The governments of Nepal are aware of the dangers of environmental degradation in the Himalayas, and environmental management concerns are being integrated in development projects in this region.
Sedimentation and discharge of industrial effluents are prominent sources of water pollution, and the burning of wood for fuel is a significant source of indoor air pollution and respiratory problems. Vehicular and industrial emissions increasingly have contributed to air pollution in urban areas.
Deforestation and land degradation appear to affect a far greater proportion of the population and have the worst consequences for economic growth and individuals’ livelihoods. Forest loss has contributed to floods, soil erosion, and stagnant agricultural output. Estimates suggest that from 1966 to 2000 forest cover declined from 45 to 29 percent of the total land area. Often cited causes of deforestation include population growth, high fuelwood consumption, infrastructure projects, and conversion of forests into grazing- and cropland. According to government estimates, 1.5 million tons of soil nutrients are lost annually, and by 2002 approximately 5 percent of agricultural holdings had been rendered uncultivable as a result of soil erosion and flooding.
Land degradation is attributed to population growth, improper use of agro-chemicals, and overly intensive use of landholdings that are too small to provide most households with sufficient food. Since the late 1980s, government policies have attempted to address these numerous and related problems, but policies often are hampered by lack of funding, insufficient understanding of Nepal’s mountain ecosystems, bureaucratic inefficiency, and sometimes contentious relations between the central government and local communities.
Nepal has been a pivotal country for WWF ever since the organization first provided support to conserve the Greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in the late 1960s.
Today, the endangered rhino is no longer on the brink of extinction, and is in fact, the second largest population in the world. The Rhino Census of 2008 recorded 435 throughout Nepal. Nepal also has an estimated 121 adult Bengal tigers distributed in the lowland protected areas.
WWF's Priorities: people & communities
The priority of WWF's support for Nepal's conservation effort has changed with the shift in Government of Nepal's policy for biodiversity conservation.
In the early years the focus was on species conservation and research with strict law enforcement practices. There has been gradual change with the adoption of a more conciliatory approach and social mobilization for the participatory involvement of local people for conservation.
Over the years, support has been centered on integrating conservation and community development with an attempt to address the issues of livelihoods of local people living near protected areas. The aim is to win the support and stewardship of locals living in the fringe areas in wildlife conservation. Our focus has evolved to a landscape approach in conservation by building partnerships with donors, stakeholders, interest groups, and local people
Economic changes and population increases are threatening the ecology of the Himalayas. In recent year’s deforestation in the foothills and the Middle Himalayas and overgrazing on the high pastures have led to soil erosion and other environmental problems. Deforestation is a particular concern in the western Himalayas, where increased demand for firewood, extensive tree trimming in order to feed livestock, and construction of roads in the border regions have increased the destruction rate of forests and the number of landslides. Rapid population growth has accelerated pollution, and Himalayan streams that were once clear are now polluted with refuse and sewage. Hill people who use the water for drinking suffer from dysentery; cholera and typhoid epidemics are also common. Large lakes like Tilicho Lake, Dudh Koshi etc. which emerges from Himalayas have also become polluted. Regional variations in environmental degradation exist in the Himalayas. Conditions range from a critical situation in the Himalayas of Nepal to a moderately serious situation in Bhutan and the eastern Himalayas. If rapid development continues in Nepal and the eastern Himalayas without due regard for conservation, the problems there may assume critical proportions in the near future. The governments of Nepal are aware of the dangers of environmental degradation in the Himalayas, and environmental management concerns are being integrated in development projects in this region.
latest news of osama bin ladin
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (play /oʊˈsɑːmə bɪn ˈlɑːdən/; Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن, ʾUsāmah bin Muḥammad bin ʿAwaḍ bin Lādin; March 10, 1957 – May 2, 2011)note a was the founder of al-Qaeda, the organization responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States and numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets. He was a member of the wealthy Saudi bin Laden family and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite.
Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. From 2001 to 2011 bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror.
On May 2, 2011, he was killed in a raid at his private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan by U.S. Navy SEALs. Shortly after his death, bin Laden's body was buried at sea. On May 6, 2011, al-Qaeda acknowledged his death and concurrently vowed to retaliate.
The killing of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden by U.S. special forces put American and allied officials on guard against possible reprisals as they vowed to maintain the fight against terrorism.
“Though bin Laden is dead, al-Qaeda is not,” CIA Director Leon Panetta, who oversaw the overnight mission to kill bin Laden, said today in a statement sent to agency employees. “The terrorists almost certainly will attempt to avenge him, and we must -- and will -- remain vigilant and resolute.”
Bin Laden was killed almost 10 years after orchestrating the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks that killed almost 3,000 people at the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon in suburban Washington and in a field in Pennsylvania, where hijacked United Airlines Flight 93 crashed. He was killed after a decade on the run in a firefight with a team of U.S. operatives who raided the compound in Pakistan where he had been hiding.
“On nights like this one we can say to those families who have lost loved ones to al-Qaeda’s terror: Justice has been done,” President Barack Obama said in a late-night televised address from the White House.
Bin Laden, 54, eluded American forces that invaded Afghanistan following the 2001 attacks, escaping across the mountainous border with Pakistan. U.S. intelligence last August picked up his trail in Pakistan after years of “painstaking” work, then tracked him to a compound in Abbottabad, a city north of Islamabad, Obama said.
Obama’s Authorization
“Finally, last week, I determined that we had enough intelligence to take action and authorized an operation to get Osama bin Laden and bring him to justice,” he said.
Central Intelligence Agency specialists used photo identification techniques and DNA tests to positively identify bin Laden’s body, U.S. officials told reporters at a briefing. In addition, a woman believed to be bin Laden’s wife also identified him by name, the officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss intelligence matters.
The body was taken out of Pakistan by the special forces team. The officials said it was washed and wrapped in a white sheet in a process that followed Islamic traditions. It eventually was placed in a weighted bag and buried in the North Arabian Sea, the officials said.
Obama Informed
Obama was informed about the initial identification just after 7 p.m. last night and later was shown a photograph of the scene, an administration official said.
Global stocks rose and crude oil dropped the most in almost three weeks after Obama’s announcement. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index advanced 0.3 percent at 10:10 a.m. in New York. U.S. and German government bonds declined. Crude oil tumbled as much as 2.7 percent.
The hunt for Bin Laden stoked international tensions with the U.S. over how to defeat the Taliban and other terrorist groups. Pakistani leaders have condemned the use of U.S. drones to target militants along the Afghan border, while Vice President Joe Biden in January told Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani that “al-Qaeda and its allies have found refuge in your country.”
Pakistan Location
Abbottabad, a city of about 100,000 people within 35 miles of the capital Islamabad, is the center of a region dominated by army facilities and weapons factories. The city, named for the British colonial officer who founded it, has avoided the terrorist attacks that have struck Lahore, Karachi and other major Pakistani cities.
U.S. officials said they didn’t share their intelligence with any other country, including Pakistan, and only a small group of people in the government knew the plans.
Terrorists “belonging to different organizations find sanctuary in Pakistan,” Indian Home Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram said in a statement today in reaction to the news. Pakistan’s foreign office said in a statement that bin Laden’s death was a “major setback” to terrorist groups.
The State Department issued an alert to U.S. citizens traveling abroad to warn of potential anti-American violence as a result of the raid. Security around the U.S. consulate in Karachi was increased, with police and paramilitary forces taking positions and setting up check posts outside the building.
‘Revenge Attacks’
“In the immediate term, there will be some retaliation, there will be some revenge attacks,” said Rohan Gunaratna, head of the Singapore-based International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research. He said al-Qaeda’s operational structure will remain intact under Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden’s top lieutenant.
NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, while calling the killing of bin Laden “a significant success,” said in a statement from alliance headquarters in Brussels that “terrorism continues to pose a direct threat to our security.”
Pakistan’s Taliban said bin Laden was still alive and reports of his death were baseless, Karachi-based GEO Television reported, citing a statement from the group.
Obama and his predecessor, President George W. Bush, made capturing bin Laden key to national security.
Obama said that shortly after taking office in 2009, he directed CIA chief Panetta to make the killing or capture of bin Laden the “top priority” in the war against al-Qaeda. In August, Obama was briefed on a possible lead, he said.
Secure Compound
The intelligence ultimately revealed that bin Laden was living in a home in a secure compound in Abbottabad, according to administration officials who briefed reporters after Obama spoke. The officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity in discussing the planning of the raid, said the compound was valued at about $1 million and was built roughly five years ago for the purpose of harboring bin Laden.
The three-story compound had security measures including walls as high as 18 feet and topped with barbed wire, the officials said. Access was restricted by two security gates and residents burned their trash instead of leaving it out for collection like the other homes in the neighborhood. There were no phone or Internet connections, according to the officials.
Officials said they didn’t know for certain how long bin Laden had been living there.
The president gave the go-ahead for the operation early in the morning of April 29, according to one of the officials.
Navy Commandos
The helicopter raid carrying U.S. Navy Seal commandos was ordered by Panetta, who monitored the operation from his seventh-floor command center at CIA headquarters in McLean, Virginia, a U.S. official said. Officials said the raid was designed to minimize risk to non-combatants in the compound. At least two helicopters were used; one had mechanical problems.
The operation, which began around midnight local time, lasted less than 40 minutes. Three other adult males were killed in addition to bin Laden, officials said. One woman was killed when she was used as a human shield by a male combatant, the officials said.
Express 24/7, a Lahore, Pakistan-based television station, showed footage of what it said was a compound in Abbottabad in flames. Several Pakistani television stations broadcast what they said was a still photograph of bin Laden’s body, with his face smeared with blood and his left eye mutilated.
Reaching a Goal
“Tonight we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to,” Obama, 49, said. “That is the story of our history.”
Obama warned that the fight against terrorism isn’t ended with the death of bin Laden.
“There’s no doubt that al-Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us,” he said.
Even before Obama spoke, a cheering, chanting crowd gathered outside the north gates of the White House as news of bin Laden’s death spread. The throng of people continued to grow after midnight along Pennsylvania Avenue.
“It’s been 10 years, it’s really a rallying point that we’ve been successful with what we’ve been doing abroad,” said Glen Dalakian, 21, a student at American University, who was among those gathered in front of the White House this morning. “It makes you proud to be an American waving the flag once again.”
Obama called Bush to inform him about the raid.
“I congratulated him and the men and women of our military and intelligence communities who devoted their lives to this mission,” the former president said in a statement. “This momentous achievement marks a victory for America, for people who seek peace around the world, and for all those who lost loved ones on Sept. 11, 2001.”
Boehner Commends Obama
The administration briefed congressional officials before the president’s address.
House Speaker John Boehner, an Ohio Republican, said he wanted to “commend President Obama and his team, as well as President Bush, for all of their efforts to bring Osama bin Laden to justice.”
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the killing of bin Laden a success for the “forces of peace.”
“But this doesn’t mean that international terrorism has been defeated,” Merkel said in a statement in Berlin. “We all must remain alert.”
“The news that Osama bin Laden is dead will bring great relief to people across the world,” U.K Prime Minister David Cameron said in a statement congratulating Obama and the U.S. personnel who conducted the raid.
“Osama bin Laden was responsible for the worst terrorist atrocities the world has seen -- for 9/11 and for so many attacks, which have cost thousands of lives, many of them British,” Cameron said in an e-mailed statement. “It is a great success that he has been found and will no longer be able to pursue his campaign of global terror.”
Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard told reporters in Canberra that “whilst al-Qaeda has been hurt today, al-Qaeda is not finished.” Australian embassies and consulates have been told to heighten security awareness, she said.
Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. From 2001 to 2011 bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror.
On May 2, 2011, he was killed in a raid at his private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan by U.S. Navy SEALs. Shortly after his death, bin Laden's body was buried at sea. On May 6, 2011, al-Qaeda acknowledged his death and concurrently vowed to retaliate.
The killing of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden by U.S. special forces put American and allied officials on guard against possible reprisals as they vowed to maintain the fight against terrorism.
“Though bin Laden is dead, al-Qaeda is not,” CIA Director Leon Panetta, who oversaw the overnight mission to kill bin Laden, said today in a statement sent to agency employees. “The terrorists almost certainly will attempt to avenge him, and we must -- and will -- remain vigilant and resolute.”
Bin Laden was killed almost 10 years after orchestrating the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks that killed almost 3,000 people at the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon in suburban Washington and in a field in Pennsylvania, where hijacked United Airlines Flight 93 crashed. He was killed after a decade on the run in a firefight with a team of U.S. operatives who raided the compound in Pakistan where he had been hiding.
“On nights like this one we can say to those families who have lost loved ones to al-Qaeda’s terror: Justice has been done,” President Barack Obama said in a late-night televised address from the White House.
Bin Laden, 54, eluded American forces that invaded Afghanistan following the 2001 attacks, escaping across the mountainous border with Pakistan. U.S. intelligence last August picked up his trail in Pakistan after years of “painstaking” work, then tracked him to a compound in Abbottabad, a city north of Islamabad, Obama said.
Obama’s Authorization
“Finally, last week, I determined that we had enough intelligence to take action and authorized an operation to get Osama bin Laden and bring him to justice,” he said.
Central Intelligence Agency specialists used photo identification techniques and DNA tests to positively identify bin Laden’s body, U.S. officials told reporters at a briefing. In addition, a woman believed to be bin Laden’s wife also identified him by name, the officials said, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss intelligence matters.
The body was taken out of Pakistan by the special forces team. The officials said it was washed and wrapped in a white sheet in a process that followed Islamic traditions. It eventually was placed in a weighted bag and buried in the North Arabian Sea, the officials said.
Obama Informed
Obama was informed about the initial identification just after 7 p.m. last night and later was shown a photograph of the scene, an administration official said.
Global stocks rose and crude oil dropped the most in almost three weeks after Obama’s announcement. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index advanced 0.3 percent at 10:10 a.m. in New York. U.S. and German government bonds declined. Crude oil tumbled as much as 2.7 percent.
The hunt for Bin Laden stoked international tensions with the U.S. over how to defeat the Taliban and other terrorist groups. Pakistani leaders have condemned the use of U.S. drones to target militants along the Afghan border, while Vice President Joe Biden in January told Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani that “al-Qaeda and its allies have found refuge in your country.”
Pakistan Location
Abbottabad, a city of about 100,000 people within 35 miles of the capital Islamabad, is the center of a region dominated by army facilities and weapons factories. The city, named for the British colonial officer who founded it, has avoided the terrorist attacks that have struck Lahore, Karachi and other major Pakistani cities.
U.S. officials said they didn’t share their intelligence with any other country, including Pakistan, and only a small group of people in the government knew the plans.
Terrorists “belonging to different organizations find sanctuary in Pakistan,” Indian Home Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram said in a statement today in reaction to the news. Pakistan’s foreign office said in a statement that bin Laden’s death was a “major setback” to terrorist groups.
The State Department issued an alert to U.S. citizens traveling abroad to warn of potential anti-American violence as a result of the raid. Security around the U.S. consulate in Karachi was increased, with police and paramilitary forces taking positions and setting up check posts outside the building.
‘Revenge Attacks’
“In the immediate term, there will be some retaliation, there will be some revenge attacks,” said Rohan Gunaratna, head of the Singapore-based International Center for Political Violence and Terrorism Research. He said al-Qaeda’s operational structure will remain intact under Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Laden’s top lieutenant.
NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen, while calling the killing of bin Laden “a significant success,” said in a statement from alliance headquarters in Brussels that “terrorism continues to pose a direct threat to our security.”
Pakistan’s Taliban said bin Laden was still alive and reports of his death were baseless, Karachi-based GEO Television reported, citing a statement from the group.
Obama and his predecessor, President George W. Bush, made capturing bin Laden key to national security.
Obama said that shortly after taking office in 2009, he directed CIA chief Panetta to make the killing or capture of bin Laden the “top priority” in the war against al-Qaeda. In August, Obama was briefed on a possible lead, he said.
Secure Compound
The intelligence ultimately revealed that bin Laden was living in a home in a secure compound in Abbottabad, according to administration officials who briefed reporters after Obama spoke. The officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity in discussing the planning of the raid, said the compound was valued at about $1 million and was built roughly five years ago for the purpose of harboring bin Laden.
The three-story compound had security measures including walls as high as 18 feet and topped with barbed wire, the officials said. Access was restricted by two security gates and residents burned their trash instead of leaving it out for collection like the other homes in the neighborhood. There were no phone or Internet connections, according to the officials.
Officials said they didn’t know for certain how long bin Laden had been living there.
The president gave the go-ahead for the operation early in the morning of April 29, according to one of the officials.
Navy Commandos
The helicopter raid carrying U.S. Navy Seal commandos was ordered by Panetta, who monitored the operation from his seventh-floor command center at CIA headquarters in McLean, Virginia, a U.S. official said. Officials said the raid was designed to minimize risk to non-combatants in the compound. At least two helicopters were used; one had mechanical problems.
The operation, which began around midnight local time, lasted less than 40 minutes. Three other adult males were killed in addition to bin Laden, officials said. One woman was killed when she was used as a human shield by a male combatant, the officials said.
Express 24/7, a Lahore, Pakistan-based television station, showed footage of what it said was a compound in Abbottabad in flames. Several Pakistani television stations broadcast what they said was a still photograph of bin Laden’s body, with his face smeared with blood and his left eye mutilated.
Reaching a Goal
“Tonight we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to,” Obama, 49, said. “That is the story of our history.”
Obama warned that the fight against terrorism isn’t ended with the death of bin Laden.
“There’s no doubt that al-Qaeda will continue to pursue attacks against us,” he said.
Even before Obama spoke, a cheering, chanting crowd gathered outside the north gates of the White House as news of bin Laden’s death spread. The throng of people continued to grow after midnight along Pennsylvania Avenue.
“It’s been 10 years, it’s really a rallying point that we’ve been successful with what we’ve been doing abroad,” said Glen Dalakian, 21, a student at American University, who was among those gathered in front of the White House this morning. “It makes you proud to be an American waving the flag once again.”
Obama called Bush to inform him about the raid.
“I congratulated him and the men and women of our military and intelligence communities who devoted their lives to this mission,” the former president said in a statement. “This momentous achievement marks a victory for America, for people who seek peace around the world, and for all those who lost loved ones on Sept. 11, 2001.”
Boehner Commends Obama
The administration briefed congressional officials before the president’s address.
House Speaker John Boehner, an Ohio Republican, said he wanted to “commend President Obama and his team, as well as President Bush, for all of their efforts to bring Osama bin Laden to justice.”
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the killing of bin Laden a success for the “forces of peace.”
“But this doesn’t mean that international terrorism has been defeated,” Merkel said in a statement in Berlin. “We all must remain alert.”
“The news that Osama bin Laden is dead will bring great relief to people across the world,” U.K Prime Minister David Cameron said in a statement congratulating Obama and the U.S. personnel who conducted the raid.
“Osama bin Laden was responsible for the worst terrorist atrocities the world has seen -- for 9/11 and for so many attacks, which have cost thousands of lives, many of them British,” Cameron said in an e-mailed statement. “It is a great success that he has been found and will no longer be able to pursue his campaign of global terror.”
Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard told reporters in Canberra that “whilst al-Qaeda has been hurt today, al-Qaeda is not finished.” Australian embassies and consulates have been told to heighten security awareness, she said.
Hiv aids
AIDS is now a pandemic.[6] As of 2009, AVERT estimated that there are 33.3 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS, with 2.6 million new HIV infections per year and 1.8 million annual deaths due to AIDS.[7] In 2007, UNAIDS estimated: 33.2 million people worldwide had AIDS that year; AIDS killed 2.1 million people in the course of that year, including 330,000 children, and 76% of those deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa.[8] According to UNAIDS 2009 report, worldwide some 60 million people have been infected, with some 25 million deaths, and 14 million orphaned children in southern Africa alone since the epidemic began.
Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.[10][11] AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s.
Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is no known cure or vaccine. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[13] Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS pandemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.AIDS is one of the most serious, deadly diseases in human history.
More than 20 years ago, doctors in the United States identified the first cases of AIDS in San Francisco and New York. Now there are an estimated 42 million people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide, and more than 3 million die every year from AIDS-related illnesses.is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV destroys a type of defense cell in the body called a CD4 helper lymphocyte (pronounced: lim-fuh-site). These lymphocytes are part of the body's immune system, the defense system that fights infectious diseases. But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people with the virus begin to get serious infections that they normally wouldn't — that is, they become immune deficient. The name for this condition is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
As the medical community learns more about how HIV works, they've been able to develop drugs to inhibit it (meaning they interfere with its growth). These drugs have been successful in slowing the progress of the disease, and people with the disease now live much longer. But there is still no cure for HIV and AID
Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.[10][11] AIDS was first recognized by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s.
Although treatments for AIDS and HIV can slow the course of the disease, there is no known cure or vaccine. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but these drugs are expensive and routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.[13] Due to the difficulty in treating HIV infection, preventing infection is a key aim in controlling the AIDS pandemic, with health organizations promoting safe sex and needle-exchange programmes in attempts to slow the spread of the virus.AIDS is one of the most serious, deadly diseases in human history.
More than 20 years ago, doctors in the United States identified the first cases of AIDS in San Francisco and New York. Now there are an estimated 42 million people living with HIV or AIDS worldwide, and more than 3 million die every year from AIDS-related illnesses.is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV destroys a type of defense cell in the body called a CD4 helper lymphocyte (pronounced: lim-fuh-site). These lymphocytes are part of the body's immune system, the defense system that fights infectious diseases. But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people with the virus begin to get serious infections that they normally wouldn't — that is, they become immune deficient. The name for this condition is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
As the medical community learns more about how HIV works, they've been able to develop drugs to inhibit it (meaning they interfere with its growth). These drugs have been successful in slowing the progress of the disease, and people with the disease now live much longer. But there is still no cure for HIV and AID
child labor facts
Child labour refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained labour. This practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations and is illegal in many countries. Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the advent of universal schooling, with changes in working conditions during the industrial revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers' and children's rights.
In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a certain age works (excluding household chores, in a family shop, or school-related work)An employer is usually not permitted to hire a child below a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the country and the type of work involved. States ratifying the Minimum Age Convention adopted by the International Labor Organization in 1973, have adopted minimum ages varying from 14 to 16. Child labor laws in the United States set the minimum age to work in an establishment without restrictions and without parents' consent at age 16he incidence of child labour in the world decreased from 25 to 10 percent between 1960 and 2003, according to the World Bank. * The International Labour Organization estimates that 215 million children ages 5-17 are engaged in child labor (ILO, Accelerating action against child labour, 2010).
* An estimated 12 percent of children in India ages 5-14 are engaged in child labor activities, including carpet production (UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 2010).
* Approximately six out of ten slaves in the world are bonded laborers in South Asia (Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery, 2008)
* It would cost $760 billion over a 20-year period to end child labor. The estimated benefit in terms of better education and health is about six times that—over $4 trillion in economies where child laborers are found (ILO, Investing in Every Child, 2003).
* Some children are forced to work up to 18 hours a day, often never leaving the confines of the factory or loom shed.
* Children trafficked into one form of labor may be later sold into another, as with girls from rural Nepal, who are recruited to work in carpet factories but are then trafficked into the sex industry over the border in India (ILO/IPEC, Helping Hands or Shackled Lives? Understanding Child Domestic Labour and Responses to It, 2004).
* Experts estimate that child labor on South Asia’s carpet looms has dropped from 1 million to 250,000 since the launch of GoodWeave in 1995.
In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a certain age works (excluding household chores, in a family shop, or school-related work)An employer is usually not permitted to hire a child below a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the country and the type of work involved. States ratifying the Minimum Age Convention adopted by the International Labor Organization in 1973, have adopted minimum ages varying from 14 to 16. Child labor laws in the United States set the minimum age to work in an establishment without restrictions and without parents' consent at age 16he incidence of child labour in the world decreased from 25 to 10 percent between 1960 and 2003, according to the World Bank. * The International Labour Organization estimates that 215 million children ages 5-17 are engaged in child labor (ILO, Accelerating action against child labour, 2010).
* An estimated 12 percent of children in India ages 5-14 are engaged in child labor activities, including carpet production (UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 2010).
* Approximately six out of ten slaves in the world are bonded laborers in South Asia (Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery, 2008)
* It would cost $760 billion over a 20-year period to end child labor. The estimated benefit in terms of better education and health is about six times that—over $4 trillion in economies where child laborers are found (ILO, Investing in Every Child, 2003).
* Some children are forced to work up to 18 hours a day, often never leaving the confines of the factory or loom shed.
* Children trafficked into one form of labor may be later sold into another, as with girls from rural Nepal, who are recruited to work in carpet factories but are then trafficked into the sex industry over the border in India (ILO/IPEC, Helping Hands or Shackled Lives? Understanding Child Domestic Labour and Responses to It, 2004).
* Experts estimate that child labor on South Asia’s carpet looms has dropped from 1 million to 250,000 since the launch of GoodWeave in 1995.
child trafficking
Child trafficking is one of the world’s major problems. Every year 1.2 million children are trafficked by different agents. The traffickers bring children and engage them in factories, mills and brothels. It is a worst form of child labor as defined by ILO (International Labor Organization). Here the traffickers recruit, transport, transfer children for the purpose of exploitation.
The agents involved in trafficking attract the child and his family under the guise of providing employment. They lure them with the promises of a lucrative job and comfortable lifestyle abroad and bring them to sell at a high amount of money. Then the child is engaged into begging, smuggling, drug trade, military and circuses, beer bars, factories as laborers. As such, the child has to face tremendous torture physically, sexually and mentally. There is a wide network of these cheats, often known as traffickers. Brokers, owners of brothels, family relatives, friends, the police, and political leaders may be connected with this network.
To save individuals from human trafficking, effective legal agencies should be set up that work against traffickers and exploiters. Since the network of traffickers is interrelated, we need to take strict measures to save people from human trading. These include effective monitoring of trafficking, effective coordination between the ministries of tourism, labor and transport to fight against this socio-economic problem. This is an issue that needs to be dealt with an iron hand as it involves child abuse and the denial of basic human rights.
Girls from poor families are lured by the traffickers from across the world with the promise of a new life and subsequently they are sold at the brothels and bars. According to recent research, most of the traffickers buy and sell women among Asia, Soviet Union, South America and the West Coast. The numbers of sex slaves are increasing day by day. Girls who work in massage parlors and bars are often exploited sexually by the traffickers. They threaten the victim to harm their families or to put them into prison and terrify them by confiscating their legal documents like visa, passport, birth certificate, etc. The victims of sex trafficking are not allowed to keep in touch with the outside world and often they have to face rude behavior of their bosses and brutal beating.The cases of sex trafficking are very common nowadays. This means to force a person to work as sexual slave. The victim can be a child, a teen or an adult. Almost 80% victims of human trafficking are female and around 70% of them are sexually exploited in the film industries, advertising industries, fashion industries and private organizations.
the poorest parts of Nepal are trafficked every year — sold by their desperate parents or lured by the false promises of traffickers. These girls, sometimes as young as nine, end up in the brothels of India where they become slaves. Many are HIV positive within two years, and are dead before they are out of their teens. Our approach to combating this modern-day slavery is simple and surprisingly effective.Poverty, ignorance, and a system that does not value women. The Nepali quote “educating your daughter is like watering a flower in another man’s garden” sums up the cultural attitude towards girls. That the best a girl can hope for is to be married off very young and spend her life working in the fields makes her very vulnerable to traffickers. They promise the parents that their daughter will have a good job and send money home every month. Or promise to marry the girl and take her to a bright life in the city. And another girl “goes missing”.Reluctance to send girls to school is dropping away, and whole villages are asking to be included in our work. Educating the most at-risk girls in a village spreads enough knowledge to keep traffickers at bay. Our girls are motivated: despite their odds, they pass their high school leaving exams at double the national average. And we have not lost one girl to trafficking.
The agents involved in trafficking attract the child and his family under the guise of providing employment. They lure them with the promises of a lucrative job and comfortable lifestyle abroad and bring them to sell at a high amount of money. Then the child is engaged into begging, smuggling, drug trade, military and circuses, beer bars, factories as laborers. As such, the child has to face tremendous torture physically, sexually and mentally. There is a wide network of these cheats, often known as traffickers. Brokers, owners of brothels, family relatives, friends, the police, and political leaders may be connected with this network.
To save individuals from human trafficking, effective legal agencies should be set up that work against traffickers and exploiters. Since the network of traffickers is interrelated, we need to take strict measures to save people from human trading. These include effective monitoring of trafficking, effective coordination between the ministries of tourism, labor and transport to fight against this socio-economic problem. This is an issue that needs to be dealt with an iron hand as it involves child abuse and the denial of basic human rights.
Girls from poor families are lured by the traffickers from across the world with the promise of a new life and subsequently they are sold at the brothels and bars. According to recent research, most of the traffickers buy and sell women among Asia, Soviet Union, South America and the West Coast. The numbers of sex slaves are increasing day by day. Girls who work in massage parlors and bars are often exploited sexually by the traffickers. They threaten the victim to harm their families or to put them into prison and terrify them by confiscating their legal documents like visa, passport, birth certificate, etc. The victims of sex trafficking are not allowed to keep in touch with the outside world and often they have to face rude behavior of their bosses and brutal beating.The cases of sex trafficking are very common nowadays. This means to force a person to work as sexual slave. The victim can be a child, a teen or an adult. Almost 80% victims of human trafficking are female and around 70% of them are sexually exploited in the film industries, advertising industries, fashion industries and private organizations.
the poorest parts of Nepal are trafficked every year — sold by their desperate parents or lured by the false promises of traffickers. These girls, sometimes as young as nine, end up in the brothels of India where they become slaves. Many are HIV positive within two years, and are dead before they are out of their teens. Our approach to combating this modern-day slavery is simple and surprisingly effective.Poverty, ignorance, and a system that does not value women. The Nepali quote “educating your daughter is like watering a flower in another man’s garden” sums up the cultural attitude towards girls. That the best a girl can hope for is to be married off very young and spend her life working in the fields makes her very vulnerable to traffickers. They promise the parents that their daughter will have a good job and send money home every month. Or promise to marry the girl and take her to a bright life in the city. And another girl “goes missing”.Reluctance to send girls to school is dropping away, and whole villages are asking to be included in our work. Educating the most at-risk girls in a village spreads enough knowledge to keep traffickers at bay. Our girls are motivated: despite their odds, they pass their high school leaving exams at double the national average. And we have not lost one girl to trafficking.
How to control global warming
Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. Global warming is a very serious issue. The future would be very terrible if we don’t take any action to reduce it right away.
We need to control global warming to reduce the future risk. Today RB comes with commonsense super tips to reduce global warming. Please read it, leave your feedback & share this story with your friends. Let’s work together to control global warming & reduce future risk.Public transport, public transportation, public transit or mass transit comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. While it is generally taken to include rail and bus services, wider definitions would include scheduled airline services, ferries, taxicab services etc. any system that transports members of the general public. A further restriction that is sometimes applied is that it should take place in shared vehicles, which would exclude taxis that are not shared-ride taxis.One means of reducing carbon emissions is the development of new technologies such as renewable energy such as wind power. Most forms of renewable energy generate no appreciable amounts of greenhouse gases except for biofuels derived from biomassBurning Waste Methane. Methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Burning one molecule of methane generates one molecule of carbon dioxide. Accordingly, burning methane which would otherwise be released into the atmosphere (such as at landfills, coal mines, waste treatment plants, etc.) provides a net greenhouse gas emissions benefit.bout half the energy we use in our homes goes to heating and cooling. Changing air filters annually, having your system checked annually and useing a programmable thermostat are all easy things you can do. Just by using a programmable thermostat, you can save about 1,800 pounds of carbon dioxide a year and about $100 a year in energy costs. If you want to go the extra mile, see “Bonus Tips” below for how to purchase green power.Unscientific maintain of vehicle leads to environment pollution. Vehicles, regardless of category are increasing day by day all over the world. The smoke released by these vehicles damage ozone layer. But it is impossible to stop the arrival of new vehicles. What can be done to the maximum is, to maintain the vehicles properly. Adopting scientific method to maintain your loved cars and bikes will play predominant role in controlling global warming.Cleaning the air inside the house is most important thing. By doing so you will automatically contribute for global warm control. There are many things you can do to clean your house. Use proper vacuum cleaner for the purpose. Clean regularly and continuously. Put dust avoiding curtains and use houseplants. Do not keep the dustbin unchecked. lso don’t mess the surroundings of your house. Even take maximum care while dispatching waste materials. Try to grow as much as saplings inside your compound.Switch off unwanted electric equipments immediately. Or do not use them if not necessary. Often we find shining tube, unning fan, running TV…etc. One may be sound enough to pay the electric bill in the end of the month, but what about the energy that has been wasted? Replace the old ones with energy efficient lighting. Also, improve the efficiency of ome appliances. If not possible, go for an energy saving appliances.Preferring reusable products instead of disposables will help in reducing the waste. When you buy a product, make sure that the packing is quite reasonable one. In other words, packing should not exceed the size of the product. Always try to recycle household waste. By recycling the household waste, one can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.Here both the entrepreneurs and public should join hands together for a cause. Always try to educate others on preferring recycling products.
We need to control global warming to reduce the future risk. Today RB comes with commonsense super tips to reduce global warming. Please read it, leave your feedback & share this story with your friends. Let’s work together to control global warming & reduce future risk.Public transport, public transportation, public transit or mass transit comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles. While it is generally taken to include rail and bus services, wider definitions would include scheduled airline services, ferries, taxicab services etc. any system that transports members of the general public. A further restriction that is sometimes applied is that it should take place in shared vehicles, which would exclude taxis that are not shared-ride taxis.One means of reducing carbon emissions is the development of new technologies such as renewable energy such as wind power. Most forms of renewable energy generate no appreciable amounts of greenhouse gases except for biofuels derived from biomassBurning Waste Methane. Methane is a much more powerful greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. Burning one molecule of methane generates one molecule of carbon dioxide. Accordingly, burning methane which would otherwise be released into the atmosphere (such as at landfills, coal mines, waste treatment plants, etc.) provides a net greenhouse gas emissions benefit.bout half the energy we use in our homes goes to heating and cooling. Changing air filters annually, having your system checked annually and useing a programmable thermostat are all easy things you can do. Just by using a programmable thermostat, you can save about 1,800 pounds of carbon dioxide a year and about $100 a year in energy costs. If you want to go the extra mile, see “Bonus Tips” below for how to purchase green power.Unscientific maintain of vehicle leads to environment pollution. Vehicles, regardless of category are increasing day by day all over the world. The smoke released by these vehicles damage ozone layer. But it is impossible to stop the arrival of new vehicles. What can be done to the maximum is, to maintain the vehicles properly. Adopting scientific method to maintain your loved cars and bikes will play predominant role in controlling global warming.Cleaning the air inside the house is most important thing. By doing so you will automatically contribute for global warm control. There are many things you can do to clean your house. Use proper vacuum cleaner for the purpose. Clean regularly and continuously. Put dust avoiding curtains and use houseplants. Do not keep the dustbin unchecked. lso don’t mess the surroundings of your house. Even take maximum care while dispatching waste materials. Try to grow as much as saplings inside your compound.Switch off unwanted electric equipments immediately. Or do not use them if not necessary. Often we find shining tube, unning fan, running TV…etc. One may be sound enough to pay the electric bill in the end of the month, but what about the energy that has been wasted? Replace the old ones with energy efficient lighting. Also, improve the efficiency of ome appliances. If not possible, go for an energy saving appliances.Preferring reusable products instead of disposables will help in reducing the waste. When you buy a product, make sure that the packing is quite reasonable one. In other words, packing should not exceed the size of the product. Always try to recycle household waste. By recycling the household waste, one can save 2,400 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.Here both the entrepreneurs and public should join hands together for a cause. Always try to educate others on preferring recycling products.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)